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recombinant murine cxcl12 (PeproTech)

Name: recombinant murine cxcl12
Brand: PeproTech
Rating: 90 (1 reviews)

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PeproTech recombinant murine cxcl12

(A) Relative mRNA levels of denoted chemokine signaling pathways in BAT from control and DTA Sma mice ( n = 3 mice/group). (B) <t>Cxcl12-DsRed</t> mouse model. (C) Representative image of whole-mount DsRed immunofluorescent imaging of BAT from Cxcl12-DsRed mice. Scale bar, 100 μm. (D) Representative image of in vitro brown adipogenesis from Cxcl12-DsRed mice. Scale bar, 100 μm. (E) Representative images of Sma and DsRed immunostaining of BAT sections Cxcl12 DsRed mice. Scale bars, 100 μm. (F) Representative images of in vitro brown adipogenesis treated with vehicle or recombinant murine Cxcl12 (rmCxcl12). Scale bars, 100 μm. (G) Relative mRNA levels of denoted pan-adipocyte (left) and thermogenic (right) markers from cultures described in (F) ( n = 3 mice/group). (H) Experimental design for isolating and evaluating Cxcl12 DsRed cells from BAT tissues. For cell culture studies, BAT SVF cells were cultured for 24 h prior to immunostaining. (I) Representative image of cultures described in (H) immunostained for Sma. Scale bar, 100 μm. (J) Quantification of Sma-Cxcl12 DsRed colocalization compared to total Sma + cells ( n = 3 mice/group). (K) Representative fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) plot identifying a Cxcl12 DsRed /Sma + cell population within BAT. (L) FACS analysis of Cxcl12 DsRed /Sma + cell population compared to total DsRed cell number from denoted tissues ( n = 3 mice/group). (M) Cxcl12 DsRed /Sma + cell population frequency from denoted tissues ( n = 3 mice/group). (N) Cxcl12 DsRed /Sma + cell population abundance from denoted tissues ( n = 3 mice/group). Data in (A), (G), (J), and (L–N) are represented as the mean ± SEM. Student’s unpaired t test was used to analyze denoted significance (ns, non-significant).

Recombinant Murine Cxcl12, supplied by PeproTech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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1) Product Images from "Smooth muscle cell-derived Cxcl12 directs macrophage accrual and sympathetic innervation to control thermogenic adipose tissue"

Article Title: Smooth muscle cell-derived Cxcl12 directs macrophage accrual and sympathetic innervation to control thermogenic adipose tissue

Journal: Cell reports

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114169

(A) Relative mRNA levels of denoted chemokine signaling pathways in BAT from control and DTA Sma mice ( n = 3 mice/group). (B) Cxcl12-DsRed mouse model. (C) Representative image of whole-mount DsRed immunofluorescent imaging of BAT from Cxcl12-DsRed mice. Scale bar, 100 μm. (D) Representative image of in vitro brown adipogenesis from Cxcl12-DsRed mice. Scale bar, 100 μm. (E) Representative images of Sma and DsRed immunostaining of BAT sections Cxcl12 DsRed mice. Scale bars, 100 μm. (F) Representative images of in vitro brown adipogenesis treated with vehicle or recombinant murine Cxcl12 (rmCxcl12). Scale bars, 100 μm. (G) Relative mRNA levels of denoted pan-adipocyte (left) and thermogenic (right) markers from cultures described in (F) ( n = 3 mice/group). (H) Experimental design for isolating and evaluating Cxcl12 DsRed cells from BAT tissues. For cell culture studies, BAT SVF cells were cultured for 24 h prior to immunostaining. (I) Representative image of cultures described in (H) immunostained for Sma. Scale bar, 100 μm. (J) Quantification of Sma-Cxcl12 DsRed colocalization compared to total Sma + cells ( n = 3 mice/group). (K) Representative fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) plot identifying a Cxcl12 DsRed /Sma + cell population within BAT. (L) FACS analysis of Cxcl12 DsRed /Sma + cell population compared to total DsRed cell number from denoted tissues ( n = 3 mice/group). (M) Cxcl12 DsRed /Sma + cell population frequency from denoted tissues ( n = 3 mice/group). (N) Cxcl12 DsRed /Sma + cell population abundance from denoted tissues ( n = 3 mice/group). Data in (A), (G), (J), and (L–N) are represented as the mean ± SEM. Student’s unpaired t test was used to analyze denoted significance (ns, non-significant).

Figure Legend Snippet: (A) Relative mRNA levels of denoted chemokine signaling pathways in BAT from control and DTA Sma mice ( n = 3 mice/group). (B) Cxcl12-DsRed mouse model. (C) Representative image of whole-mount DsRed immunofluorescent imaging of BAT from Cxcl12-DsRed mice. Scale bar, 100 μm. (D) Representative image of in vitro brown adipogenesis from Cxcl12-DsRed mice. Scale bar, 100 μm. (E) Representative images of Sma and DsRed immunostaining of BAT sections Cxcl12 DsRed mice. Scale bars, 100 μm. (F) Representative images of in vitro brown adipogenesis treated with vehicle or recombinant murine Cxcl12 (rmCxcl12). Scale bars, 100 μm. (G) Relative mRNA levels of denoted pan-adipocyte (left) and thermogenic (right) markers from cultures described in (F) ( n = 3 mice/group). (H) Experimental design for isolating and evaluating Cxcl12 DsRed cells from BAT tissues. For cell culture studies, BAT SVF cells were cultured for 24 h prior to immunostaining. (I) Representative image of cultures described in (H) immunostained for Sma. Scale bar, 100 μm. (J) Quantification of Sma-Cxcl12 DsRed colocalization compared to total Sma + cells ( n = 3 mice/group). (K) Representative fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) plot identifying a Cxcl12 DsRed /Sma + cell population within BAT. (L) FACS analysis of Cxcl12 DsRed /Sma + cell population compared to total DsRed cell number from denoted tissues ( n = 3 mice/group). (M) Cxcl12 DsRed /Sma + cell population frequency from denoted tissues ( n = 3 mice/group). (N) Cxcl12 DsRed /Sma + cell population abundance from denoted tissues ( n = 3 mice/group). Data in (A), (G), (J), and (L–N) are represented as the mean ± SEM. Student’s unpaired t test was used to analyze denoted significance (ns, non-significant).

Techniques Used: Protein-Protein interactions, Control, Imaging, In Vitro, Immunostaining, Recombinant, Cell Culture, Fluorescence, FACS

(A) Representative photograph of BAT from control and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice 6 weeks post-tamoxifen. (B) BAT weight from mice described in (A) ( n = 10 mice/group). (C) Representative H&E image of BAT sections from mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (D) Lipid droplet area quantification of images described in (C) ( n = 3 mice/group). (E) Triglyceride levels from BAT depots from mice described in (A) ( n = 6 mice/group). (F) Relative mRNA levels of pan-adipocyte markers from BAT from mice described in (A) ( n = 4 mice/group). (G) Relative mRNA levels of thermogenic genes from BAT from mice described in (A) ( n = 4 mice/group). (H) Representative images of Ucp1 immunostaining of BAT sections from mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. Right: quantification of percentage Ucp1 area in BAT sections from control and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice ( n = 3 mice/group). (I) Representative Ucp1 immunoblot from BAT from mice described in (A). Right: quantification of immunoblot ( n = 3 mice/group). (J) Representative images of TH immunostaining in BAT sections from mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (K) Representative TH immunoblot from BAT from mice described in (A). Bottom: quantification of immunoblot ( n = 3 mice/group). Adrenal gland (AG) was used as a positive TH control. (L) Representative images of TH immunostaining in BAT sections from control and DTA Sma male mice 6 weeks post-tamoxifen. Scale bars, 100 μm. (M) Representative TH immunoblot from BAT from mice described in (L). Bottom: quantification of immunoblot ( n = 3 mice/group). AG was used as a positive TH control. Data in (B), (D–I), (K), and (M) are represented as the mean ± SEM. Student’s unpaired t test was used to analyze denoted significance. * p < 0.05; ns, non-significant.

Figure Legend Snippet: (A) Representative photograph of BAT from control and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice 6 weeks post-tamoxifen. (B) BAT weight from mice described in (A) ( n = 10 mice/group). (C) Representative H&E image of BAT sections from mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (D) Lipid droplet area quantification of images described in (C) ( n = 3 mice/group). (E) Triglyceride levels from BAT depots from mice described in (A) ( n = 6 mice/group). (F) Relative mRNA levels of pan-adipocyte markers from BAT from mice described in (A) ( n = 4 mice/group). (G) Relative mRNA levels of thermogenic genes from BAT from mice described in (A) ( n = 4 mice/group). (H) Representative images of Ucp1 immunostaining of BAT sections from mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. Right: quantification of percentage Ucp1 area in BAT sections from control and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice ( n = 3 mice/group). (I) Representative Ucp1 immunoblot from BAT from mice described in (A). Right: quantification of immunoblot ( n = 3 mice/group). (J) Representative images of TH immunostaining in BAT sections from mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (K) Representative TH immunoblot from BAT from mice described in (A). Bottom: quantification of immunoblot ( n = 3 mice/group). Adrenal gland (AG) was used as a positive TH control. (L) Representative images of TH immunostaining in BAT sections from control and DTA Sma male mice 6 weeks post-tamoxifen. Scale bars, 100 μm. (M) Representative TH immunoblot from BAT from mice described in (L). Bottom: quantification of immunoblot ( n = 3 mice/group). AG was used as a positive TH control. Data in (B), (D–I), (K), and (M) are represented as the mean ± SEM. Student’s unpaired t test was used to analyze denoted significance. * p < 0.05; ns, non-significant.

Techniques Used: Control, Immunostaining, Western Blot

(A) Experimental design: TMX-induced control and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice were maintained at room temperature for 6 weeks. Subsequently, mice were cold exposed (6.5°C) for 24 h. (B) Intrarectal temperatures from mice described in (A) ( n = 8 mice/group). (C) Energy expenditure of control and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice maintained at room temperature (RT) and subsequently exposed to cold ( n = 8 mice/group). (D) Representative images of H&E staining of BAT sections from mice described in (A) at denoted time points throughout cold exposure. Scale bars, 100 μm. (E) Representative images of TH immunostaining of BAT sections from mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (F) Experimental design: at P60, TMX-induced control and Cxcl12 Sma KO male mice were fed an HFD for 6 weeks and phenotypically evaluated. (G) Body-weight curve from mice described in (F) ( n = 8 mice/group). (H) Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test from mice described in (F). Inset: area under the curve calculation ( n = 8 mice/group). (I) BAT weight from mice described in (F) ( n = 8 mice/group). (J) Representative images of H&E staining from BAT sections from mice described in (F). Scale bars, 100 μm. (K) Representative images of Ucp1 immunostaining of BAT sections from mice described in (F). Scale bars, 100 μm. (L) Representative images of TH immunostaining of BAT sections from mice described in (F). Scale bars, 100 μm. Data in (B), (C), and (G–I) are represented as the mean ± SEM. Student’s unpaired t test was used to analyze denoted significance; * p < 0.03; ns, non-significant.

Figure Legend Snippet: (A) Experimental design: TMX-induced control and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice were maintained at room temperature for 6 weeks. Subsequently, mice were cold exposed (6.5°C) for 24 h. (B) Intrarectal temperatures from mice described in (A) ( n = 8 mice/group). (C) Energy expenditure of control and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice maintained at room temperature (RT) and subsequently exposed to cold ( n = 8 mice/group). (D) Representative images of H&E staining of BAT sections from mice described in (A) at denoted time points throughout cold exposure. Scale bars, 100 μm. (E) Representative images of TH immunostaining of BAT sections from mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (F) Experimental design: at P60, TMX-induced control and Cxcl12 Sma KO male mice were fed an HFD for 6 weeks and phenotypically evaluated. (G) Body-weight curve from mice described in (F) ( n = 8 mice/group). (H) Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test from mice described in (F). Inset: area under the curve calculation ( n = 8 mice/group). (I) BAT weight from mice described in (F) ( n = 8 mice/group). (J) Representative images of H&E staining from BAT sections from mice described in (F). Scale bars, 100 μm. (K) Representative images of Ucp1 immunostaining of BAT sections from mice described in (F). Scale bars, 100 μm. (L) Representative images of TH immunostaining of BAT sections from mice described in (F). Scale bars, 100 μm. Data in (B), (C), and (G–I) are represented as the mean ± SEM. Student’s unpaired t test was used to analyze denoted significance; * p < 0.03; ns, non-significant.

Techniques Used: Control, Staining, Immunostaining

(A) Relative mRNA levels of F4/80 within BAT from control and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice 6 weeks post-TMX ( n = 5 mice/group). (B) Flow cytometric analysis of total CD68 cell number from BAT depots from mice described in (A) ( n = 4 mice/group). (C) Relative mRNA levels of denoted pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers from mice described in (A) (n = 3–4 mice/group). (D) Flow cytometric analysis of CD301 abundance from BAT depots from mice described in (A) ( n = 5 mice/group). (E–K) At P60, control and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice were administered TMX and evaluated 0, 1, 3, and 6 week post-TMX induction. BAT weights (E), lipid drop area quantification (F), TH fluorescent area quantification (G), CD301 abundance (H), H&E staining (I), TH immunostaining (J), and CD301 flow cytometric analysis (K) were assessed. Scale bars, 100 μm. Data in (A–H) are represented as the mean ± SEM. Student’s unpaired t test was used to analyze denoted significance; * p < 0.03.

Figure Legend Snippet: (A) Relative mRNA levels of F4/80 within BAT from control and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice 6 weeks post-TMX ( n = 5 mice/group). (B) Flow cytometric analysis of total CD68 cell number from BAT depots from mice described in (A) ( n = 4 mice/group). (C) Relative mRNA levels of denoted pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers from mice described in (A) (n = 3–4 mice/group). (D) Flow cytometric analysis of CD301 abundance from BAT depots from mice described in (A) ( n = 5 mice/group). (E–K) At P60, control and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice were administered TMX and evaluated 0, 1, 3, and 6 week post-TMX induction. BAT weights (E), lipid drop area quantification (F), TH fluorescent area quantification (G), CD301 abundance (H), H&E staining (I), TH immunostaining (J), and CD301 flow cytometric analysis (K) were assessed. Scale bars, 100 μm. Data in (A–H) are represented as the mean ± SEM. Student’s unpaired t test was used to analyze denoted significance; * p < 0.03.

Techniques Used: Control, Staining, Immunostaining

(A) Experimental design: at P60, Control Sma and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice (left) or Control Sma and DTA Sma mice (right) were administered TMX and maintained at RT for 6 weeks. Subsequently, the mice were administered one dose of rmCxcl12 (100 ng/mouse) for 10 consecutive days. (B) Representative H&E image of BAT sections from Control Sma and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (C) Representative images of Ucp1 immunostaining of BAT sections from Control Sma and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (D) Representative images of TH immunostaining of BAT sections from Control Sma and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (E) Representative H&E image of BAT sections from Control Sma and DTA Sma mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (F) Representative images of Ucp1 immunostaining of BAT sections from Control Sma and DTA Sma KO mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (G) Representative images of TH immunostaining of BAT sections from Control Sma and DTA Sma KO mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (H) Experimental design: at P60, RT-reared Control Sma male mice were housed at thermoneutrality (30°C) for 3 weeks. Subsequently, the mice were administered one dose of rmCxcl12 (100 ng/mouse) for 10 consecutive days. (I) Representative images of H&E staining of BAT sections from mice described in (I). Scale bars, 100 μm. (J) Representative images of TH immunostaining of BAT sections from mice described in (I). Scale bars, 100 μm.

Figure Legend Snippet: (A) Experimental design: at P60, Control Sma and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice (left) or Control Sma and DTA Sma mice (right) were administered TMX and maintained at RT for 6 weeks. Subsequently, the mice were administered one dose of rmCxcl12 (100 ng/mouse) for 10 consecutive days. (B) Representative H&E image of BAT sections from Control Sma and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (C) Representative images of Ucp1 immunostaining of BAT sections from Control Sma and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (D) Representative images of TH immunostaining of BAT sections from Control Sma and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (E) Representative H&E image of BAT sections from Control Sma and DTA Sma mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (F) Representative images of Ucp1 immunostaining of BAT sections from Control Sma and DTA Sma KO mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (G) Representative images of TH immunostaining of BAT sections from Control Sma and DTA Sma KO mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (H) Experimental design: at P60, RT-reared Control Sma male mice were housed at thermoneutrality (30°C) for 3 weeks. Subsequently, the mice were administered one dose of rmCxcl12 (100 ng/mouse) for 10 consecutive days. (I) Representative images of H&E staining of BAT sections from mice described in (I). Scale bars, 100 μm. (J) Representative images of TH immunostaining of BAT sections from mice described in (I). Scale bars, 100 μm.

Techniques Used: Control, Immunostaining, Staining

Figure Legend Snippet: KEY RESOURCES TABLE

Techniques Used: Recombinant, Saline, Electron Microscopy, Staining, Reverse Transcription, Bicinchoninic Acid Protein Assay, SYBR Green Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, XF Assay, Software

Image Search Results

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Smooth muscle cell-derived Cxcl12 directs macrophage accrual and sympathetic innervation to control thermogenic adipose tissue

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114169

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Relative mRNA levels of denoted chemokine signaling pathways in BAT from control and DTA Sma mice ( n = 3 mice/group). (B) Cxcl12-DsRed mouse model. (C) Representative image of whole-mount DsRed immunofluorescent imaging of BAT from Cxcl12-DsRed mice. Scale bar, 100 μm. (D) Representative image of in vitro brown adipogenesis from Cxcl12-DsRed mice. Scale bar, 100 μm. (E) Representative images of Sma and DsRed immunostaining of BAT sections Cxcl12 DsRed mice. Scale bars, 100 μm. (F) Representative images of in vitro brown adipogenesis treated with vehicle or recombinant murine Cxcl12 (rmCxcl12). Scale bars, 100 μm. (G) Relative mRNA levels of denoted pan-adipocyte (left) and thermogenic (right) markers from cultures described in (F) ( n = 3 mice/group). (H) Experimental design for isolating and evaluating Cxcl12 DsRed cells from BAT tissues. For cell culture studies, BAT SVF cells were cultured for 24 h prior to immunostaining. (I) Representative image of cultures described in (H) immunostained for Sma. Scale bar, 100 μm. (J) Quantification of Sma-Cxcl12 DsRed colocalization compared to total Sma + cells ( n = 3 mice/group). (K) Representative fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) plot identifying a Cxcl12 DsRed /Sma + cell population within BAT. (L) FACS analysis of Cxcl12 DsRed /Sma + cell population compared to total DsRed cell number from denoted tissues ( n = 3 mice/group). (M) Cxcl12 DsRed /Sma + cell population frequency from denoted tissues ( n = 3 mice/group). (N) Cxcl12 DsRed /Sma + cell population abundance from denoted tissues ( n = 3 mice/group). Data in (A), (G), (J), and (L–N) are represented as the mean ± SEM. Student’s unpaired t test was used to analyze denoted significance (ns, non-significant).

Article Snippet: Recombinant murine CXCL12 , PeproTech , Cat#250-20A.

Techniques: Protein-Protein interactions, Control, Imaging, In Vitro, Immunostaining, Recombinant, Cell Culture, Fluorescence, FACS

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Smooth muscle cell-derived Cxcl12 directs macrophage accrual and sympathetic innervation to control thermogenic adipose tissue

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114169

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative photograph of BAT from control and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice 6 weeks post-tamoxifen. (B) BAT weight from mice described in (A) ( n = 10 mice/group). (C) Representative H&E image of BAT sections from mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (D) Lipid droplet area quantification of images described in (C) ( n = 3 mice/group). (E) Triglyceride levels from BAT depots from mice described in (A) ( n = 6 mice/group). (F) Relative mRNA levels of pan-adipocyte markers from BAT from mice described in (A) ( n = 4 mice/group). (G) Relative mRNA levels of thermogenic genes from BAT from mice described in (A) ( n = 4 mice/group). (H) Representative images of Ucp1 immunostaining of BAT sections from mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. Right: quantification of percentage Ucp1 area in BAT sections from control and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice ( n = 3 mice/group). (I) Representative Ucp1 immunoblot from BAT from mice described in (A). Right: quantification of immunoblot ( n = 3 mice/group). (J) Representative images of TH immunostaining in BAT sections from mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (K) Representative TH immunoblot from BAT from mice described in (A). Bottom: quantification of immunoblot ( n = 3 mice/group). Adrenal gland (AG) was used as a positive TH control. (L) Representative images of TH immunostaining in BAT sections from control and DTA Sma male mice 6 weeks post-tamoxifen. Scale bars, 100 μm. (M) Representative TH immunoblot from BAT from mice described in (L). Bottom: quantification of immunoblot ( n = 3 mice/group). AG was used as a positive TH control. Data in (B), (D–I), (K), and (M) are represented as the mean ± SEM. Student’s unpaired t test was used to analyze denoted significance. * p < 0.05; ns, non-significant.

Article Snippet: Recombinant murine CXCL12 , PeproTech , Cat#250-20A.

Techniques: Control, Immunostaining, Western Blot

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Smooth muscle cell-derived Cxcl12 directs macrophage accrual and sympathetic innervation to control thermogenic adipose tissue

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114169

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Experimental design: TMX-induced control and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice were maintained at room temperature for 6 weeks. Subsequently, mice were cold exposed (6.5°C) for 24 h. (B) Intrarectal temperatures from mice described in (A) ( n = 8 mice/group). (C) Energy expenditure of control and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice maintained at room temperature (RT) and subsequently exposed to cold ( n = 8 mice/group). (D) Representative images of H&E staining of BAT sections from mice described in (A) at denoted time points throughout cold exposure. Scale bars, 100 μm. (E) Representative images of TH immunostaining of BAT sections from mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (F) Experimental design: at P60, TMX-induced control and Cxcl12 Sma KO male mice were fed an HFD for 6 weeks and phenotypically evaluated. (G) Body-weight curve from mice described in (F) ( n = 8 mice/group). (H) Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test from mice described in (F). Inset: area under the curve calculation ( n = 8 mice/group). (I) BAT weight from mice described in (F) ( n = 8 mice/group). (J) Representative images of H&E staining from BAT sections from mice described in (F). Scale bars, 100 μm. (K) Representative images of Ucp1 immunostaining of BAT sections from mice described in (F). Scale bars, 100 μm. (L) Representative images of TH immunostaining of BAT sections from mice described in (F). Scale bars, 100 μm. Data in (B), (C), and (G–I) are represented as the mean ± SEM. Student’s unpaired t test was used to analyze denoted significance; * p < 0.03; ns, non-significant.

Article Snippet: Recombinant murine CXCL12 , PeproTech , Cat#250-20A.

Techniques: Control, Staining, Immunostaining

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Smooth muscle cell-derived Cxcl12 directs macrophage accrual and sympathetic innervation to control thermogenic adipose tissue

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114169

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Relative mRNA levels of F4/80 within BAT from control and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice 6 weeks post-TMX ( n = 5 mice/group). (B) Flow cytometric analysis of total CD68 cell number from BAT depots from mice described in (A) ( n = 4 mice/group). (C) Relative mRNA levels of denoted pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers from mice described in (A) (n = 3–4 mice/group). (D) Flow cytometric analysis of CD301 abundance from BAT depots from mice described in (A) ( n = 5 mice/group). (E–K) At P60, control and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice were administered TMX and evaluated 0, 1, 3, and 6 week post-TMX induction. BAT weights (E), lipid drop area quantification (F), TH fluorescent area quantification (G), CD301 abundance (H), H&E staining (I), TH immunostaining (J), and CD301 flow cytometric analysis (K) were assessed. Scale bars, 100 μm. Data in (A–H) are represented as the mean ± SEM. Student’s unpaired t test was used to analyze denoted significance; * p < 0.03.

Article Snippet: Recombinant murine CXCL12 , PeproTech , Cat#250-20A.

Techniques: Control, Staining, Immunostaining

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Smooth muscle cell-derived Cxcl12 directs macrophage accrual and sympathetic innervation to control thermogenic adipose tissue

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114169

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Experimental design: at P60, Control Sma and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice (left) or Control Sma and DTA Sma mice (right) were administered TMX and maintained at RT for 6 weeks. Subsequently, the mice were administered one dose of rmCxcl12 (100 ng/mouse) for 10 consecutive days. (B) Representative H&E image of BAT sections from Control Sma and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (C) Representative images of Ucp1 immunostaining of BAT sections from Control Sma and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (D) Representative images of TH immunostaining of BAT sections from Control Sma and Cxcl12 Sma KO mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (E) Representative H&E image of BAT sections from Control Sma and DTA Sma mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (F) Representative images of Ucp1 immunostaining of BAT sections from Control Sma and DTA Sma KO mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (G) Representative images of TH immunostaining of BAT sections from Control Sma and DTA Sma KO mice described in (A). Scale bars, 100 μm. (H) Experimental design: at P60, RT-reared Control Sma male mice were housed at thermoneutrality (30°C) for 3 weeks. Subsequently, the mice were administered one dose of rmCxcl12 (100 ng/mouse) for 10 consecutive days. (I) Representative images of H&E staining of BAT sections from mice described in (I). Scale bars, 100 μm. (J) Representative images of TH immunostaining of BAT sections from mice described in (I). Scale bars, 100 μm.

Article Snippet: Recombinant murine CXCL12 , PeproTech , Cat#250-20A.

Techniques: Control, Immunostaining, Staining

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Smooth muscle cell-derived Cxcl12 directs macrophage accrual and sympathetic innervation to control thermogenic adipose tissue

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114169

Figure Lengend Snippet: KEY RESOURCES TABLE

Article Snippet: Recombinant murine CXCL12 , PeproTech , Cat#250-20A.

Techniques: Recombinant, Saline, Electron Microscopy, Staining, Reverse Transcription, Bicinchoninic Acid Protein Assay, SYBR Green Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, XF Assay, Software

Effect of activin A on the migration of mouse NK cells. ( A ) Transwell assay was used to detect migration of NK cells treated with culture medium (Control), 10 ng/mL activin A, 100 ng/mL CXCL12 or 10 ng/mL activin A + 100 ng/mL CXCL12 ( n = 3). Scale bar = 30 µm. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, compared with the control group; # p < 0.05, compared with the activin A group (one-way ANOVA; mean ± S.D.). ( B ) NK cell migration was examined by microfluidic chips after treatment with culture medium (Control), 20 ng/mL activin A, 200 ng/mL CXCL12 or 20 ng/mL activin A + 200 ng/mL CXCL12. Data related to cell migration were analyzed by NIH ImageJ software ( n = 20). Scale bar = 100 µm. ** p < 0.01, compared with the control group; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, compared with the activin A group; §§ p < 0.01, compared with the CXCL12 group (one-way ANOVA; mean ± SEM).

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Activin A, a Novel Chemokine, Induces Mouse NK Cell Migration via AKT and Calcium Signaling

doi: 10.3390/cells13090728

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of activin A on the migration of mouse NK cells. ( A ) Transwell assay was used to detect migration of NK cells treated with culture medium (Control), 10 ng/mL activin A, 100 ng/mL CXCL12 or 10 ng/mL activin A + 100 ng/mL CXCL12 ( n = 3). Scale bar = 30 µm. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, compared with the control group; # p < 0.05, compared with the activin A group (one-way ANOVA; mean ± S.D.). ( B ) NK cell migration was examined by microfluidic chips after treatment with culture medium (Control), 20 ng/mL activin A, 200 ng/mL CXCL12 or 20 ng/mL activin A + 200 ng/mL CXCL12. Data related to cell migration were analyzed by NIH ImageJ software ( n = 20). Scale bar = 100 µm. ** p < 0.01, compared with the control group; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, compared with the activin A group; §§ p < 0.01, compared with the CXCL12 group (one-way ANOVA; mean ± SEM).

Article Snippet: Recombinant murine CXCL12 (SDF-1α, Cat# 250-20A) and recombinant murine IL-2 (Cat# 212-12) were obtained from PeproTech (Rocky Hill, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Migration, Transwell Assay, Control, Software

Effects of activin A on the invasion and adhesion of mouse NK cells. ( A ) NK cell invasion was determined by Matrigel-coated transwell assay after treatment with culture medium (Control), 10 ng/mL activin A, 100 ng/mL CXCL12 or 10 ng/mL activin A + 100 ng/mL CXCL12 ( n = 3). Scale bar = 50 µm. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01, compared with the control group; ## p < 0.01, compared with the activin A group; §§ p < 0.01, compared with the CXCL12 group (one-way ANOVA; mean ± S.D.). ( B ) Real-time cell adhesion was assessed by RTCA. NK cells were treated with culture medium (Control), 10 ng/mL activin A, 100 ng/mL CXCL12 or 10 ng/mL activin A + 100 ng/mL CXCL12 ( n = 4). * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01, compared with the control group (one-way ANOVA; mean ± S.D.).

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Activin A, a Novel Chemokine, Induces Mouse NK Cell Migration via AKT and Calcium Signaling

doi: 10.3390/cells13090728

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of activin A on the invasion and adhesion of mouse NK cells. ( A ) NK cell invasion was determined by Matrigel-coated transwell assay after treatment with culture medium (Control), 10 ng/mL activin A, 100 ng/mL CXCL12 or 10 ng/mL activin A + 100 ng/mL CXCL12 ( n = 3). Scale bar = 50 µm. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01, compared with the control group; ## p < 0.01, compared with the activin A group; §§ p < 0.01, compared with the CXCL12 group (one-way ANOVA; mean ± S.D.). ( B ) Real-time cell adhesion was assessed by RTCA. NK cells were treated with culture medium (Control), 10 ng/mL activin A, 100 ng/mL CXCL12 or 10 ng/mL activin A + 100 ng/mL CXCL12 ( n = 4). * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01, compared with the control group (one-way ANOVA; mean ± S.D.).

Article Snippet: Recombinant murine CXCL12 (SDF-1α, Cat# 250-20A) and recombinant murine IL-2 (Cat# 212-12) were obtained from PeproTech (Rocky Hill, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Transwell Assay, Control

Effects of activin A on F-actin polarization and expression of migration-related proteins of mouse NK cells. ( A ) The nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue) and the cell was stained with FITC-labeled phalloidin that preferentially labels filamentous actin (F-actin) (green). NK cells (white arrows) were treated with culture medium (Control), 20 ng/mL activin A, 200 ng/mL CXCL12 or 20 ng/mL activin A + 200 ng/mL CXCL12. Scale bar = 10 µm. ( B ) Levels of β-catenin, vimentin and MMP2 protein in mouse NK cells were examined by Western blotting, after treating the cells with culture medium (lane 1), 10 ng/mL activin A (lane 2), 100 ng/mL CXCL12 (lane 3) or 10 ng/mL activin A + 100 ng/mL CXCL12 (lane 4) for 2 h. The levels of protein expression were normalized against those of GAPDH ( n = 3). * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01, compared with the control group (one-way ANOVA; mean ± S.D.).

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Activin A, a Novel Chemokine, Induces Mouse NK Cell Migration via AKT and Calcium Signaling

doi: 10.3390/cells13090728

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of activin A on F-actin polarization and expression of migration-related proteins of mouse NK cells. ( A ) The nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue) and the cell was stained with FITC-labeled phalloidin that preferentially labels filamentous actin (F-actin) (green). NK cells (white arrows) were treated with culture medium (Control), 20 ng/mL activin A, 200 ng/mL CXCL12 or 20 ng/mL activin A + 200 ng/mL CXCL12. Scale bar = 10 µm. ( B ) Levels of β-catenin, vimentin and MMP2 protein in mouse NK cells were examined by Western blotting, after treating the cells with culture medium (lane 1), 10 ng/mL activin A (lane 2), 100 ng/mL CXCL12 (lane 3) or 10 ng/mL activin A + 100 ng/mL CXCL12 (lane 4) for 2 h. The levels of protein expression were normalized against those of GAPDH ( n = 3). * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01, compared with the control group (one-way ANOVA; mean ± S.D.).

Article Snippet: Recombinant murine CXCL12 (SDF-1α, Cat# 250-20A) and recombinant murine IL-2 (Cat# 212-12) were obtained from PeproTech (Rocky Hill, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Migration, Staining, Labeling, Control, Western Blot

Effect of activin A on calcium flux in mouse NK cells. ( A ) Kinetics of calcium mobilization was assessed using mouse NK cells loaded with Fluo-4 AM, after treating the cells with medium (Control), 10 ng/mL activin A, 100 ng/mL CXCL12 or 10 ng/mL activin A + 100 ng/mL CXCL12. The Ca 2+ level is represented by the Fluo-4 signal intensity normalized to the baseline (F/F0). The graph shows the peak values of calcium signal upon stimulation under the different treatments ( n = 3). ** p < 0.01, compared with the control group (one-way ANOVA; mean ± S.D.). ( B ). Migration of mouse NK cells pretreated with BAPTA-AM (10 μM) was examined using a transwell assay ( n = 3). Scale bar = 30 µm. ** p < 0.01, compared with the DMSO group (Student’s t test; mean ± S.D.).

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Activin A, a Novel Chemokine, Induces Mouse NK Cell Migration via AKT and Calcium Signaling

doi: 10.3390/cells13090728

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of activin A on calcium flux in mouse NK cells. ( A ) Kinetics of calcium mobilization was assessed using mouse NK cells loaded with Fluo-4 AM, after treating the cells with medium (Control), 10 ng/mL activin A, 100 ng/mL CXCL12 or 10 ng/mL activin A + 100 ng/mL CXCL12. The Ca 2+ level is represented by the Fluo-4 signal intensity normalized to the baseline (F/F0). The graph shows the peak values of calcium signal upon stimulation under the different treatments ( n = 3). ** p < 0.01, compared with the control group (one-way ANOVA; mean ± S.D.). ( B ). Migration of mouse NK cells pretreated with BAPTA-AM (10 μM) was examined using a transwell assay ( n = 3). Scale bar = 30 µm. ** p < 0.01, compared with the DMSO group (Student’s t test; mean ± S.D.).

Article Snippet: Recombinant murine CXCL12 (SDF-1α, Cat# 250-20A) and recombinant murine IL-2 (Cat# 212-12) were obtained from PeproTech (Rocky Hill, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Control, Migration, Transwell Assay

In stage I, Nanothread-1 recognizes and multivalently binds CXCR4, aligning adjacent receptors while presenting coiled motif decoys on the cancer cell surface. Subsequently in stage II, Nanothread-2 engages these decoys, intertwining with Nanothread-1 into a coiled-coil supramolecular network. This sequential actuation is proposed to generate physical dragging forces that cluster an expanded vicinity of receptors, synchronizing CXCR4 clustering and amplifying mechanotransduction to enable adequate manipulation of downstream signaling events. Concurrently, photosensitizers ‘hitchhike’ on Nanothread-2 to the tumor site for targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT), inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) to transform the primary tumor into an in-situ vaccine. Nanothread ‘patching’ on CXCR4 superclusters is proposed to seal spontaneous metastatic potential by disrupting the metastasis cascade — reshaping metastatic tumor cell ‘seeds’, intercepting ‘seed-soil’ crosstalk, and regressing the pre-metastatic niche ‘soil’. Moreover, manipulated CXCR4 clustering downstream effects, including survival pathway interference, hypoxia alleviation and immunosuppression reversal, are expected to sensitize the tumor to PDT. Consequently, a localized anti-tumor immune response would be initiated against the primary tumor, while also establishing an abscopal memory effect against disseminated metastases. CRT, calreticulin; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; HMGB1 high mobility group protein B1; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cells; EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition; TDSF, tumor-derived secreted factors; PMN, pre-metastatic niche; CXCL12, Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 12. Created with BioRender.com.

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Cell surface patching via CXCR4-targeted nanothreads for cancer metastasis inhibition

doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-47111-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: In stage I, Nanothread-1 recognizes and multivalently binds CXCR4, aligning adjacent receptors while presenting coiled motif decoys on the cancer cell surface. Subsequently in stage II, Nanothread-2 engages these decoys, intertwining with Nanothread-1 into a coiled-coil supramolecular network. This sequential actuation is proposed to generate physical dragging forces that cluster an expanded vicinity of receptors, synchronizing CXCR4 clustering and amplifying mechanotransduction to enable adequate manipulation of downstream signaling events. Concurrently, photosensitizers ‘hitchhike’ on Nanothread-2 to the tumor site for targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT), inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) to transform the primary tumor into an in-situ vaccine. Nanothread ‘patching’ on CXCR4 superclusters is proposed to seal spontaneous metastatic potential by disrupting the metastasis cascade — reshaping metastatic tumor cell ‘seeds’, intercepting ‘seed-soil’ crosstalk, and regressing the pre-metastatic niche ‘soil’. Moreover, manipulated CXCR4 clustering downstream effects, including survival pathway interference, hypoxia alleviation and immunosuppression reversal, are expected to sensitize the tumor to PDT. Consequently, a localized anti-tumor immune response would be initiated against the primary tumor, while also establishing an abscopal memory effect against disseminated metastases. CRT, calreticulin; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; HMGB1 high mobility group protein B1; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cells; EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition; TDSF, tumor-derived secreted factors; PMN, pre-metastatic niche; CXCL12, Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 12. Created with BioRender.com.

Article Snippet: 4’,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI, Cat No.: D8200), Red Blood Cell Lysis Buffer (Cat No.: R1010), Modified Hematoxylin-Eosin Stain Kit (Cat No.: G1121), Modified Masson’s Trichrome Stain Kit (Cat No.: G1346), and Modified Sirius Red Stain Kit (No Picric Acid) (Cat No.: GG1472) were provided by Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Recombinant Murine SDF-1α (CXCL12) (Cat No.: 250-20 A) was purchased from PEPROTECH inc.

Techniques: In Situ, Derivative Assay

Untreated 4T1 cells were stimulated with CXCL12 for 1 h. For free BS and P-BS groups, 4T1 cells received the treatments for 1 h, followed by culture in fresh medium for 25 h and CXCL12 stimulation, prior to analysis. For the P-BS-CM1 → P-CM2 group, 4T1 cells underwent consecutive treatment with P-BS-CM1 for 1 h and P-CM2 for 1 h, then culture in fresh medium for 24 h and CXCL12 stimulation before analysis. a Intracellular calcium levels in CXCL12 stimulated 4T1 cells in response to escalating concentrations of free BS, P-BS, and sequential P-BS-CM1 → P-CM2. n = 3 biologically independent samples per group. Data were presented as mean ± SD. b – f Proteomics analyses of 4T1 cells left untreated or treated with free BS, P-BS, or sequential P-BS-CM1 → P-CM2, n = 3 biologically independent samples per group, including: ( b ) clustering heat map reflecting the overview of significantly regulated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) with FC > 2 and P < 0.05 determined via one-way comparison; ( c ) four-list Veen diagram of DEPs depicting the number of shared and unique proteins in each group; ( d ) volcano plot exhibiting significantly up/down regulated proteins identified through multiple comparison; ( e ) enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) terms of DEPs performed via one-way comparison; ( f ) heat map display o f selected proteins involved in cell survival and tumor metastasis. g Representative ima g es of evaluating lateral mobility, longitudinal mobility, and invasiveness of 4T1 cells by wound healing, migration, and invasion assays. The experiments in ( a , g ) were repeated twice independently with similar results. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Cell surface patching via CXCR4-targeted nanothreads for cancer metastasis inhibition

doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-47111-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Untreated 4T1 cells were stimulated with CXCL12 for 1 h. For free BS and P-BS groups, 4T1 cells received the treatments for 1 h, followed by culture in fresh medium for 25 h and CXCL12 stimulation, prior to analysis. For the P-BS-CM1 → P-CM2 group, 4T1 cells underwent consecutive treatment with P-BS-CM1 for 1 h and P-CM2 for 1 h, then culture in fresh medium for 24 h and CXCL12 stimulation before analysis. a Intracellular calcium levels in CXCL12 stimulated 4T1 cells in response to escalating concentrations of free BS, P-BS, and sequential P-BS-CM1 → P-CM2. n = 3 biologically independent samples per group. Data were presented as mean ± SD. b – f Proteomics analyses of 4T1 cells left untreated or treated with free BS, P-BS, or sequential P-BS-CM1 → P-CM2, n = 3 biologically independent samples per group, including: ( b ) clustering heat map reflecting the overview of significantly regulated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) with FC > 2 and P < 0.05 determined via one-way comparison; ( c ) four-list Veen diagram of DEPs depicting the number of shared and unique proteins in each group; ( d ) volcano plot exhibiting significantly up/down regulated proteins identified through multiple comparison; ( e ) enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) terms of DEPs performed via one-way comparison; ( f ) heat map display o f selected proteins involved in cell survival and tumor metastasis. g Representative ima g es of evaluating lateral mobility, longitudinal mobility, and invasiveness of 4T1 cells by wound healing, migration, and invasion assays. The experiments in ( a , g ) were repeated twice independently with similar results. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Techniques: Comparison, Migration

Spontaneous lung metastasis mouse models of female BALB/c mice bearing orthotopic 4T1 tumors received three cycles of free BS, P-BS, or sequential P-BS-CM1 → P-CM2 (24 h lag) on days 7, 14, and 21. Analyses occurred on day 28. a Schematic illustration showing CXCR4-mediated metastasis cascade. EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition; TDSF, tumor-derived secreted factors; PMN, pre-metastatic niche. Created with BioRender.com. b Representative immunofluorescent images of α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, green) and fibronectin (red), and quantification analysis of hydroxyproline (unique collagen amino acid) in tumor tissues. c Representative immunofluorescent images and quantitative flow cytometry analysis of intratumoral hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression (green). d Representative immunofluorescent images and quantitative flow cytometry analysis of EMT markers in primary tumors. Blue, nuclei; green, E-cadherin; red, vimentin. e Intra-tumoral, systemic, and pulmonary levels of TDSFs including lysyloxidase (LOX) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). f Representative flow cytometry plots of pulmonary bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs, CD11b + Gr1 + ) and immunofluorescence of pulmonary S100A8 (red). Blue, nuclei. g Correlation between pulmonary BMDCs and Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) after treatments. Scale bar, 50 μm. n = 5 mice per group ( b – g ). Data are presented as mean ± SD, with statistics determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons without adjustments. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Cell surface patching via CXCR4-targeted nanothreads for cancer metastasis inhibition

doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-47111-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Spontaneous lung metastasis mouse models of female BALB/c mice bearing orthotopic 4T1 tumors received three cycles of free BS, P-BS, or sequential P-BS-CM1 → P-CM2 (24 h lag) on days 7, 14, and 21. Analyses occurred on day 28. a Schematic illustration showing CXCR4-mediated metastasis cascade. EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition; TDSF, tumor-derived secreted factors; PMN, pre-metastatic niche. Created with BioRender.com. b Representative immunofluorescent images of α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, green) and fibronectin (red), and quantification analysis of hydroxyproline (unique collagen amino acid) in tumor tissues. c Representative immunofluorescent images and quantitative flow cytometry analysis of intratumoral hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression (green). d Representative immunofluorescent images and quantitative flow cytometry analysis of EMT markers in primary tumors. Blue, nuclei; green, E-cadherin; red, vimentin. e Intra-tumoral, systemic, and pulmonary levels of TDSFs including lysyloxidase (LOX) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). f Representative flow cytometry plots of pulmonary bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs, CD11b + Gr1 + ) and immunofluorescence of pulmonary S100A8 (red). Blue, nuclei. g Correlation between pulmonary BMDCs and Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) after treatments. Scale bar, 50 μm. n = 5 mice per group ( b – g ). Data are presented as mean ± SD, with statistics determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons without adjustments. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Immunofluorescence

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1) Product Images from "Smooth muscle cell-derived Cxcl12 directs macrophage accrual and sympathetic innervation to control thermogenic adipose tissue"

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